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NATIVE
WARM SEASON GRASSES
Native
warm-season grasses (nwsg)
are grasses historically native to an area that grow during the warm
months of the year and are dormant during autumn and winter. They differ
from cool-season grasses, which make their active growth during spring and
fall.
There are many warm-season
grasses native to the Mid-South region; however, seven species are most
commonly promoted as cover for wildlife and/or forage for livestock. These
are big bluestem, little bluestem, broomsedge bluestem, indiangrass,
switchgrass, sideoats grama and eastern gamagrass. Not all of these,
however, have the same quality for wildlife habitat or livestock forage.
For example, broomsedge offers excellent nesting habitat for bobwhites,
but poor forage for livestock.
Native warm season grasses provide many benefits when used and managed
properly. These include wildlife habitat, agricultural forage for hay and
pasture, vegetation to filter sediment and pesticides where crop fields
border are adjacent to waterways, excellent soil erosion control once
established, and ornamental landscaping.
These native
grasses are often directly planted, using either specific
broadcast methods or by use of a specialized no-till native grass drill.
However, particularly when wildlife habitat is the primary goal, native
grasses and associated broadleaf plant communities can often be
established simply through eliminating and/or managing the current
vegetation to take advantage of the existing seed bank present in the
soil. A detailed
“Landowner’s Guide to Native Warm-Season Grasses in
the Mid-South” can help provide you basic information on native
grasses and their management.
The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and the USDA-Natural Resources
Conservation Service have personnel available to provide
technical assistance for landowners
wanting to establish native grasses.
If directly planting, it is important to obtain quality seed and be
knowledgeable about planting rates and methods.
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